Questions On Securing Wireless Client Devices - 957 Words

5. Securing Wireless Client Devices Two major threats to wireless client devices are (1) loss or theft, and (2) compromise. Many of us store our confidential and proprietary information in our Laptops and PDAs, loss or theft of such kind of devices may cause the organization to be in violation of privacy regulations involving the disclosure of personal identifying information it has collected from third parties. Another threat to wireless client devices is that they can be compromised so that an attacker can access sensitive information stored on the device or use it to obtain unauthorized access to other system resources. 6. Securing Wireless Networks 6.1 Use of Encryption The best way for securing the wireless networks from hackers or†¦show more content†¦The user has to turn off the broadcast the information if the user is not present. Hackers can use identifier broadcasting to home in on vulnerable wireless networks. Disable the identifier broadcasting mechanism if your wireless router allows it. 6.4 Change the identifier on your router from the default By default the router comes with standard ID assigned by the manufacture of the hardware of the router. Suppose even if the router is not broadcasting the SSID the hackers can compromise the network by using the default IDs and can access the network. So try to change the SSID to something which you can remember easily and configure your computer to connect to it. Use a password which is alphanumeric which cannot be easier for the hacker to break. 6.5 Change your router’s pre-set password for administration Like changing the identifier of the router we have to change the default password of the router, which allows us to setup and configure the router. Hackers can easily guess the default password and able to compromise the system. The tougher the password, the harder it’ll be for the hacker to crack it. 6.6 Allow only specific computers to access your wireless network Computers can able to communicate with any network with a unique Media Access Control (MAC) address. The routers have a mechanism to allow or connect only the devices which have a particular MAC address. Some hackers can also spoof MAC address. 6.7 Turn off your wireless

Property Preservation Proposal - 1457 Words

Entrepreneurship Project proposal: â€Å"Property preservation† Section AB (MBA 3rd) Submitted to: Sir Shabeer Haider Submitted by: Marium Liaqat 10012720-006 Gull Afshan 10012720-004 Shumaila bano 10012720-029 Anum Khalid 09041020-018 Amir Shehzad 10012720-022 New business plan Introduction: We are student of entrepreneurship and we are going to start a new business project given by our respected†¦show more content†¦Property preservation is very essential because of high value of property. And our company will provide not only all these services to the banking sector and other customers but also it will provide employment opportunities to the engineers, accountant, builders, painters and carpenters etc Property preservation: We will provide services to preserve property and to make damaged properties in a better condition. We will provide maintenance, repair and rehabilitation services. Length of opportunity: Our business will be long lasting because of nature of services provided. Now a day such type of services is required. Maintenance of property is required day by day and it is hard to find labour for desired work. So we are providing all the services at one place and also our business will grow rapidly because of demand. Risk and returns of opportunity: Risks: Following risk are involved People we can trust: Without good people behind success a business will never grow. In the property preservation industry there is a lot of risk involved. We must find people we can trust because we cannot be over their shoulder every day or at every job. We will have to go through many people to find good ones that can do this type of work. Rural areas: Coverage area is another risk factor for our business. If business is conducted in big cities then it is easy to manage coverage area and work volume. But as we know our countryShow MoreRelatedThe Historic Preservation Laws Of The Street Art1739 Words   |  7 Pages Christopher J. Duerksen defined historic preservation law as â€Å"a collage, cutting across and drawing from several other established areas of law: land use and zoning, real property, taxation, local government, constitutional, and administrative.† Its purpose is to safeguard the historically important public property by implementing national, state, and local governments to regulate private property that is of substantial public interest and historic value. In this section I will deliver the briefRead MoreEssay On Historic Properties1089 Words   |  5 Pagesof (yes, most said â€Å"preservationists† are only advocates and not qualified professionals). According to the National Register Bulletin â €Å"How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation†, Section IV. How to Define Categories of Historic Properties: Buildings eligible for the National Register MUST include all of their basic structural elements. Parts of buildings, such as INTERIORS, FAÇADES, or WINGS, are NOT eligible independent of the rest of the existing building. The WHOLE building mustRead More`` For The Love Of Culture `` By Lawrence Lessig1740 Words   |  7 Pagesto grow. With the copyright laws so perplexing and different depending on the context, individuals may not understand they are committing a crime by using information and be subjected to lawsuits, despite good intentions. Lawrence Lessig’s three proposals for copyright changes are key concepts facing issues like this. It is crucial we pay attention because our cultural future is in jeopardy. In Lawrence Lessig’s article â€Å"For the Love of Culture†, he explains his concern that our copyright lawsRead MoreLegalizing Banksy And The Historical Background And Application Of It Today1596 Words   |  7 Pages II. Discussion A. Current legal status of street art applied to the walls without the property owner’s permission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 B. Policy argument whether street artist Banksy is a property outlaw who, unlike the graffiti artists, improves property and should be awarded preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 C. Exploring VARA and state artist’sRead MoreThe And Its Effects On The Community1098 Words   |  5 Pageswhich have painted a part of beautiful Wellesley scenery. The recycled properties increase the value of the houses on the street, which in turn increases the property tax bill due to increased assessed values. It resembles a domino effect. Many elderly people are trying hard to stand firm on their feet to avoid being knocked over, but controlling their environment is nearly impossible and seeing annual updated assessed property values with increased appreciation may only be described as a nightmareRead MoreThe Benefits Of The City Of Albert1553 Words   |  7 Pagesand hills. While this proposal has certain positive aspects, such as preserving the city’s aesthetic, it also has some drawbacks that need to be considered, like the effect on other neighborhoods. Therefore, before carrying out this development project, the short and long-term effects on the City of Albert need to be thoroughly taken into account. In the end, the goal is to help Albert become a prosperous city once again. Zoning residential areas leads to increased property value and more publicRead MoreReview and Critique of Massachusetts Law 40B Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pagesspace advocates. This thesis reviews and critiques the current law, and diagnoses various legislative proposals for the progressive feud. One would generally assume advocates of affordable housing and open space preservation are political and ideological allies as affordable, decent housing has been a mainstay of the progressive view since the Great Society of Lyndon Johnson, and open space preservation came to the forefront as a part of the environmental movement of the same period in our nations historyRead MoreThe Implementation Gap Between Theory And Practice Of Heritage Planning738 Words   |  3 PagesOverview of Topic: Sustainability is somewhat of a contentious issue within heritage planning. It is widely used, but not always well understood. This essay proposal uses this term to mean balancing the needs of current society with the preservation of current resources to improve cultural vitality, social equality, environmental responsibility and economic vitality (Letourneau, 2016). Each of these pillars contains several aspects, such as innovation and ecological balance, which contribute toRead MoreResearch Proposal For Counterpoint Music Practice1410 Words   |  6 Pagesenhancing different ways to build the composition logical layer through a reinterpretation of music notation as programming language, and (2) fomenting open interchange through the use of open public domain music technology standards. 1.2 Methods This proposal will employ Western Music Notation for representing the piece’s logical layer. The choice of CWMN as primary language notation is justified by the fact that CWMN is still in wide use among the composer community, Kurt Stone wrote regarding this factRead More Locke and Publius: Comparing Their Views on Civil Government1500 Words   |  6 Pagesbut the people should be given the ability to assert their rights with the state defining laws by which they live by (Locke, 76). This is evident in the area of his theory that deals with property. Locke argues that nobody has the right to seize property from another (Locke, 64) and so argues for the preservation of individual rights under a form of representative government. In this respect, the argument he makes may be different in nature to that of Publius but it essentially advocates the same

Geodetic Datum - WGS 84 - NAD 83 - GPS

A geodetic datum is a tool used to define the shape and size of the earth, as well as the reference point for the various coordinate systems used in mapping the earth. Throughout time, hundreds of different datums have been used - each one changing with the earth views of the times. True geodetic datums, however, are only those which appeared after the 1700s. Prior to that, the earths ellipsoidal shape was not always taken into consideration, as many still believed it was flat. Since most datums today are used for measuring and showing large portions of the earth, an ellipsoidal model is essential. The Vertical and Horizontal Datums Today, there are hundreds of different datums in use; but, they are all either horizontal or vertical in their orientation. The horizontal datum is the one that is used in measuring a specific position on the earths surface in coordinate systems such as latitude and longitude. Because of the different local datums (i.e. those having different reference points), the same position can have many different geographic coordinates so it is important to know which datum the reference is in. The vertical datum measures the elevations of specific points on the earth. This data is gathered via tides with sea level measurements, geodetic surveying with different ellipsoid models used with the horizontal datum, and gravity, measured with the geoid. The data is then depicted on maps as some height above sea level. For reference, the geoid is a mathematical model of the earth measured with gravity that corresponds with the mean ocean surface level on the earth- such as if the water were extended over the land. Because the surface is highly irregular, however, there are different local geoids that are used to get the most accurate mathematical model possible for use in measuring vertical distances. Commonly Used Datums As previously mentioned, there are many datums in use around the world today. Some of the most commonly used datums are those of the World Geodetic System, the North American Datums, those of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, and the European Datum; however, this is by no means an exhaustive list. Within the World Geodetic System (WGS), there are several different datums that have been in use throughout the years. These are WGS 84, 72, 70, and 60. The WGS 84 is currently the one in use for this system and is valid until 2010. In addition, it is one of the most widely used datums around the world. In the 1980s, the United States Department of Defense used the Geodetic Reference System, 1980 (GRS 80) and Doppler satellite images to create a new, more accurate world geodetic system. This became what is known today as WGS 84. In terms of reference, WGS 84 uses what is called the zero meridian but because of the new measurements, it shifted 100 meters (0.062 miles) from the previously used Prime Meridian. Similar to WGS 84 is the North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83). This is the official horizontal datum for use in the North and Central American geodetic networks. Like WGS 84, it is based on the GRS 80 ellipsoid so the two have very similar measurements. NAD 83 was also developed using satellite and remote sensing imagery and is the default datum on most GPS units today. Prior to NAD 83 was NAD 27, a horizontal datum constructed in 1927 based on the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid. Though NAD 27 was in use for many years and still appears on the  United States topographic maps, it was based on a series of approximations with the geodetic center being based at Meades Ranch, Kansas. This point was chosen because it is near the geographic center of the contiguous United States. Also similar to WGS 84 is the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain 1936 (OSGB36) as the latitude and longitude positions of points are the same in both datums. However, it is based on the Airy 1830 ellipsoid as it shows Great Britain, its primary user, the most accurately. The European Datum 1950 (ED50) is the datum used for showing much of Western Europe and was developed after World War II when a reliable system of mapping borders was needed. It was based on the International Ellipsoid but changed when GRS80 and WGS84 were put into use. Today ED50s latitude and longitude lines are similar to WGS84 but the lines do become farther apart on ED50 when moving toward Eastern Europe. When working with these or other map datums, it is important to always be aware of which datum a particular map is referenced in because often there are large differences in terms of distance between place to place on each different datum. This datum shift can then cause problems in terms of navigation and/or in trying to locate a specific place or object as a user of the wrong datum can sometimes be hundreds of meters from their desired position. Whichever datum is used, however, they represent a powerful geographic tool but are most important in cartography, geology, navigation, surveying, and sometimes even astronomy. In fact, geodesy (the study of measurement and Earth representation) has become its own subject within the field of earth sciences.

United Kingdom Of The European Union And The Political,...

In the next year the people of the United Kingdom will get a chance to choose their countries’ fate: whether they should leave the European Union. What makes this important is that it would be the first country to leave the European Union in a time when other European countries are either in negotiation or planning to join. It would be a big deal as the United Kingdom is Europe’s third largest economy. As the people are about to vote on their future, there are concerns as what would be the economical, social, and political consequences. While some wonder what would the benefits be if the United Kingdom left. In this discussion I will explore the United Kingdom in the European Union and the political, economical, and social benefits and†¦show more content†¦After the Greek bailout, the people spark protests around Greece, as the British people began to question their countries membership in the Union. The people saw their tax monies going to help other countries instead of propelling their own economy out of. As a result of the people s dissatisfaction, the British government announced that it will hold a referendum to decide if the country leaves the EU or not. Currently the government is deeply divided on the issue. The Labour Party is against the exit, while the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats support a British exit or a Brexit. Even though the two main parties are wrestling control, The United Kingdom Independence Party, or UKIP, has won the sweeping majority of the seats in the European Parliament. As a result of this election the UKIP, according to the Guardian will be the influential party in Britain as they now control the European Parliaments, and since they control the seats, a Brexit will now be impossible to avoid in the European arena (Harris). According to Tim Oliver s paper Europe without Britain, Mr Oliver says that the only way for Britain to leave the EU the government needs to negotiate a way out as the Britain and the EU need to change their regulations to its own as their no longer need to conform to each other s rules (Oliver 12). So what Mr Oliver is saying is that it is easy to withdraw from EU membership. All the countries need to do is to set a referendum to let the people decide.Show MoreRelatedThe European Union Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesCameron stated, â€Å"A vote to leave is the gamble of the century. And it would be our children’s futures on the table if we were to roll the dice† (Ketil). On June 23, more than half of the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union. A myriad of UK’s citizens had no knowledge of what their vote would do.1 In the United States, the electoral college elects the president while taking in the consideration of the public’s vote. When the public voted on the referendum, they believed it was an opinion pollRead MoreEuropean Integration And The European Union Enlargement2051 Words   |  9 Pagesall, the why and how of the European Union enlargement. Starting from outlining the main reasons of the European integration and its benefits, as well as the perspectives of the controversial issues that the European integration presents. In particular, the difficulties of agreeing which country should join the monetary union and the numerous problems that the enlargement brings to the other European states, taking into account the major changes that the monetary union bring. The literature reviewRead MoreForeign Policy : International Politics And Relations Through Various Variables1645 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment refers to a region’s political circumstance while considering the nations geology, history, religion, culture, administrative structure, and financial circumstances. It is also applied to a single country’s political situation given their geographic realities or the environment of the entire continent. The United Kingdom s prospective withdrawal from the European Union is widely known as Brexit. The result of the June 23 referendum in the United Kingdom could lead to the first instanceRead MoreThe Insolvency Of The United Kingdom1251 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic recession is often mirrored by an increase in insolvency predicated transfers in turn creating an increased scrutiny of the surrounding law. The insolvency proceedings in the United Kingdom (UK) are underpinned by the Insolvency Act 1986, together with the amendments via the Enterprise Act 2002. Cessation of trading can occur as a result of Court intervention, a voluntary resolution passed by a general meeting or Company voluntary resolutions arrangements with its creditors. The principleRead MoreBritish Attitude Toward Europe3470 Words   |  14 Pages(Blankson, 2005, pp. 3-8). Studies have also brought the fact into limelight that social roles and social norms play prominent and manipulating role in shaping the attitudes of the society. The is relatively due to the reason that social roles transmit how a person is ought to act and react in an appropriate manner towards a particular situation with reference to the rules and norms set by the society, which is the social norms (Wicker   Wicker, 2010, pp. 3-12). Attitude is a strong component thatRead MoreThe Hanseatic League and the European Union3350 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction On 25 March 2017, the European Union will celebrate the 60th anniversary of its existence. Nevertheless, the European Council and the presidents of the twenty seven member states are aware that it is not a perfect union. The Hanseatic League is probably the oldest trace of city alliances in Europe that actually started as a merchant’s society in the Middle Ages. The main interest of this work is to analyse this trade alliance from three different points of view to outline the similaritiesRead MoreAnalysis of the European Economic Crisis and Its Impact to the New Zealand Based Marino Wool Export Industry.3369 Words   |  14 PagesGlobal Enterprise Analysis of the European economic crisis and its impact to the New Zealand based Marino wool Export Industry. Executive Summary This analytical report analyzes the background of European financial crisis and causes impact to the ongoing economic crisis. According to the analysis this terrible situation arises due to amalgamation of numerous complex factors. Reasons caused for this continuing financial crisis varied by country to country in the euro zone. In numerous countriesRead MoreBenefits Of The Uk Retaining An Unwritten Constitution2458 Words   |  10 Pagesconstitution law. The fundamental purpose of a constitution is being able to establish the roles and powers of different branches of a state alongside the perspectives and rights of its citizens. The United Kingdom is considered to have a constitution however, unlike the substantial countries like the United States of America and Australia, who currently have a sole codified document. In comparison, to the UK, Israel and New Zealand who are amongst the only three countries in the world that have a distinctiveRead More In What Major Respects Had Europe Changed By 1971 From The Situation I2237 Words   |  9 Pagesshowed, the Vienna Settlement did not last, even though the great European powers were able for a while to take the situation under control with brutal repression. However, it was impossible to stop the liberal revolution, which led to important political events and deep social changes. In the political field there are three major events: the rise of Napoleon III, the unification of Germany and the Italian Risorgimento. In the field of social changes there are the extraordinary doubling of the populationRead MoreThe year is 2001. Troops are just being deployed to Af ghanistan War. American troops are on foreign2800 Words   |  12 Pagesyear is 2001. Troops are just being deployed to Afghanistan War. American troops are on foreign soil for the first time in decades. Soldiers say goodbye to their families, thinking they’ll be back within a few years. President Bush is confident the United States will win and will achieve their primary goal of bringing the terrorists to justice within a few years. Average citizens go about their day, completely unaware of the fact that their lives too will change after this war. Little does anyone know

The Spirit of Public Administration by H George Frederickson Free Essays

H. George Frederickson†s â€Å"The Spirit of Public Administration† is an informative yet drab look at motivating public administrators. Frederickson discusses a wide variety of topics that would be useful to any public administrator, but the verbiage used is a bit difficult for an individual that may be entering into the service field â€Å"The Spirit of Public Administration is broken down into three parts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Spirit of Public Administration by H George Frederickson or any similar topic only for you Order Now These parts are: Part I: Governance, Politics, and the Public Part III: Ethics, Citizenship, and Benevolence in Public Administration Frederickson did take the initiative to explain public administration and some of its functions before going in-depth on different facets of the role. Some great topics discussed were governance, fairness and social equity, and ethics and public administration. Frederickson begins in Chapter 1 by explaining that â€Å"public administration is both a profession and field of study (p. 19).† This statement is very exact. Often times public administrators focus on the profession and do not practice studying their role in society. â€Å"The word administration is the subject of extended study, analysis, and discourse (p. 19).† Meaning the role of the public administrator is to lead along with learning as they progress through their careers. Also, in the chapter, Frederickson addresses ways in which to encourage citizen involvement in government. Frederickson acknowledges Benjamin Barber, Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age, 11-point suggestion in achieving the goal: 2. Television town meetings and a civic communications cooperative 3. Civic education and equal access to information: a civic education postal act and a civic videotext service. 4. Supplementary institutions, including representative town meetings, office holding by lot, decriminalization, and lay justice 5. A national initiative and referendum process 7. Election by slot; sortition and rotation 8. Vouchers and the market approach to public choice 9. National citizenship and common action: universal citizen service and related volunteer programs and training and employment opportunities 10. Neighborhood citizenship and common action: extensive volunteerism and sweat-equity Frederickson evaluates that some of these suggestions may be impractical. As an african-american citizen, all of the suggestions seemed impractical. Often times, minority populations do not have the time to participate in meetings and volunteerism. A more effective way may be informative newsletters that provide alternate solutions that are not as time consuming. Chapter 2 and 3 discusses the political aspect of public administration and governance. In Chapter2, Frederickson discusses the theory on which his book is based upon, the Hamiltonian tradition. This chapter makes valid points in how important it is for administrators to be versed in politics. Administrators are not delegated power through the U.S. Constitution, but state constitutions are political processes allow for administrators to be more involved in government. Through this vital tool, administrators are able to profoundly assist the public. After addressing the political aspect, Frederickson makes a smooth transition in Chapter 3 to discuss governance. Frederickson points out that there are several different definitions in defining governance. Frederickson makes a profound remark by stating, â€Å"it is likely that governance is the preferred modern theory that attempts to marry politics to administration (p. 92).† Frederickson also list five vital points pertaining to governance (p.92): 2. Governance is a remarkable fusion of popular literature on government reform, popular executive politics, serious empirical scholarship, and modern public administration theory. 3. Public administration as governance has a better windup than pitch. 4. The use of governance as a surrogate for public administration masks the fundamental issue of what ought to be the role of non-elected public officials in a democratic party There must always be boundaries set between governing and governance. â€Å"In public administration as governance, it is essential that we do not diminish our institutions to such an extent that we lose our capacity to support the development of sound public policy, as well as our ability to effectively implement that policy (p.94).† Chapter 4 begins Part II a very important aspect of Public Administration, Issues of Fairness. During Chapter 4, Frederickson utilizes different philosophers to express how discretion is part of government and non-profit organizational life. To further reiterate the importance of this topic, Frederickson discusses in Chapter 5 the specifics of fairness and social equity in the theory and practice of public administration. Frederickson reviews theoretical, legal, and analytical developments of the past twenty years as it pertains to fairness and social equity. These two chapters were crucial in actually focusing on the â€Å"spirit† of public administration due to the increased amount of fraud and lack of faith citizens have for government. Chapter 4 and 5 validates intergenerational concepts of public administration that are discussed in Chapter 6. The success of public administrators is based on future generations. Frederickson believes moral and ethical responsibility should be extended to future generations. As he states, â€Å"philosophy and the practical affairs of people is to practice fairness, justice and equity†¦.There can be no moral community without some agreed upon arrangements for all three (p.150).† Morality in government has been extended from generation to generation. Government has tried to fix moral wrongs through creating the public school system to provide education for all, the abolition of slavery, and constantly raising concerns of ecology for future generations. â€Å"Following the logic of the command theory of social equity, public officials should seek to adopt and implement policies that support intergenerational social equity (p.151).† For example, Garrett Hardin (1980) addressed problems of overpopulation. Because of this concern for upcoming generations, contraceptives and education have been provided to all classes to preserve the nation economy, which allows society to sustain or improve its current condition. Privatization has also been a concern addressed for future generations. Frederickson expresses, â€Å"government through public policy must intervene in the private market to regulate in favor of future generations (p.153).† Just as government and administrators have done in the past, regulating private companies will protect the interest of the public while allowing government to continue generating revenue for future generations. Chapters 7 through 11 compose Part III of The Spirit of Public Administration. Part III discusses Ethics, Citizenship, and Benevolence in Public Administration. Chapter 7 discusses very controversial issues on ethics in public administration. The chapter effectively begins by discussing how government reform of the early 20th Century has affected American government today and that the current practices of ethic reform will have the same lasting effect. In early government..†Increasing administrative capacity and decreasing politics reduced corruption. In the present case, we are moving in the opposite direction, reducing administrative capacity and increasing political control, with the probability that more rather than less corruption will result (p.181).† A point that Frederickson stated was that â€Å"today, government provides more controls on political corruption than in the past (p.181).† Based on recent events that continuously occur, i.e. embezzlement, fraud, that statement may have been slightly skewed. Frederickson validates the statement by addressing innovative tasks that are or should be followed in ethics research agenda: 1. Standards of right and wrong vary significantly from context to context. 2. Researchers should compare ethical standards and behavior between settings, professions, and cultures. 3. Researchers should assess the effect on the behavior of government officials, both political and administrative of traditional procedural and managerial controls compared with modern approaches. 5. Assess the influence of privatization on governmental corruption and ethics 6. Measure the effects of reduced administrative discretion on both administrative effectiveness and ethics. Chapters 8 through 11 focused on boundaries and roles that the public administrator should adhere to and how negative views of government effect administrators in a positive and negative light. These chapters seem to become redundant and uninformative because they seem to focus more on a national level than local and most administrators† function at a state or local capacity. In Chapter 8 Frederickson discusses several points on the pros and cons of negative views of government: Good results of negative opinions of government: 2. Funding for schools and higher standards Bad results (less ethical government) 1. Due to downsizing of merit civil servants, the loss of institutional memory and the â€Å"hollowing out† of government. 2. Deregulation. No rules which gives incentive to fraud). 3. Contract employees (high kickback and fraud) 4. Authorities and special districts (fraud on fee-for-service contracts). This statement plainly shows that government is in need of much work and public administrators will continue to have the hardest task of gaining citizen trust based on government†s profound corruption. Though Frederickson should have definitely created an upbeat book to keep the â€Å"spirit† of public administration motivated, he brought forth some valid points that a public administrator could utilize. The conclusions of his overly long chapters helped the reader to stay abreast on the points that he was expressing in each chapter. Due to time constraints of most administrators, a cliff notes version or quick reference book would be an ideal tool for public servants on all levels. How to cite The Spirit of Public Administration by H George Frederickson, Papers

Challenges of Being an Advocate and Neutral Facilitator free essay sample

Dual Relationship Challenges A mediator is an impartial third party who meets with two or more people to encourage and facilitate communication in order to reach an agreement or conclusion over a conflict that exists between the two parties. The mediator is not the decision maker. The two parties and not the mediator will make the final decision. It is the legal and ethical job of the mediator to keep all communication confidential unless otherwise specified (The Association of Attorney-Mediators, 2001). The mediator should never choice anyone side or force one party to agree with the other. Because mediators are neutral, their personal beliefs and values can be a challenge. There are legal, moral, and ethical issues that mediators have to tackle when they deal with the parties conflicts. The mediator has to assure that each party is comfortable and know that their issues and thoughts are heard. It is important the mediator remain bias. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges of Being an Advocate and Neutral Facilitator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Personal Perception Mediators and advocates are the vital to the human services field. Their clients depend on the mediator to inform them of their rights. They do not know the laws and the procedures that protect them. That is why mediators and advocates there to assist them. Personal Philosophy and Approach The services that are provided at the Planned Parenthood Agencies, I feel are important. Most soon to be, parents are teen who have no idea on how to tell their parents or guardians that they are expecting. The mediator at Planned Parenthood (the counselor) will be the one that will assist them on informing their parents or guardians and be the neutral party that will help them to determine the next step. Whether it be abortion, adoption or to keep the baby. The mediator is has no personal interest in the family but they do have to accept the decision of the family no matter what their personal beliefs are. Planned Parenthood is trusted health care providers, informed educators, passionate advocates, and a global partner helping similar organizations around the world. Planned Parenthood delivers vital sex education and information to millions of women, men, and young people worldwide (Parenthood) . They are mediators must remain neutral if they really want to help the families through their difficult ordeal because it takes a person who can help the two parties come to a civilized decision about their issues. Conclusion It is important that human service professionals who are mediators and advocates remain neutral when assisting parties with their issues.

The Tender Law of Australia-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the tender law of Australia and a provision regarding the Collective bargaining. Answer: The present case is based on the tender law of Australia and a provision regarding the collective bargaining has been discussed through this case. Millennia University has called for certain seeds and certain tender was received on the basis (Vettori, S., 2016). A date was mentioned regarding the closing of the tender and three companies are submitted their willingness regarding the same. There are certain rules regarding the tendering process. It has been held in Hughes Aircraft System v. Airservices Australia [1997] FCA 558 that the tendering process must be supported by way of written procedure or way of signing the final letter regarding the same. Three companies on several dates tendered regarding the offers made by the University and the university get the tender made by Enviro on 17th May. However, the same was being cancelled due to its early submission and it was required to be submitted properly. The tenders of the green land hands and the Plant forever have went to the tender box which was treated as perfect for the administrative job for the University. However, the offer made by the Enviro was attractive in nature but the file was lost due to certain mistake and the University authorities posted a consent letter to the Plant forever with a view to make the transaction between them. According to the legal provision, a contract is made when the capable party accepts an offer and both the parties should have a knowledge regarding the same (Morse, S.C. and Deutsch, R., 2016). Consideration is another criteria regarding the contract and if there is no contract made between the parties, the liability of the principle and the tenderer will not arose. The reason behind the same is if there is no mentality to create any legal relationship, the tendering procedure will not be conducted legally. In this case, though the University authority accepted the tender of Plant forever, the same was not reached to the company and therefore, no legal relationship is made in between them. Knowledge is an important part regarding the validity of the contract and if any of the contracting parties are not know about the contract or the contracting element, the same will not be validated. In Pratt Contractors Ltd. v Palmerston North City Council, it was held that an uncomplicated bidding request is needed but the same will not be treated as an obligation. Therefore, when the tender was brought to the notice of the University authority and the same was accepted, it may created a tender but does not bind on the parties or made no obligation regarding the same. It is being mentioned that until the tender is accepted and the same is getting into the knowledge of the parties, the same cannot be treated legally and no legitimate approach could be taken place. It has been observed in the case that the letter sent by the university has not been reached to the Plant forever and the company has given the contract to another company. There is no wrongness happened regarding the Plants Forever, who has given the contracts for the seeds to other company. It is rule under the tender as well as the law of contract that the acceptance by the party must be come to the knowledge of another party. It is also stated that both the contracting parties must sign the letter of consent. However, in this case, the letter was signed by the University only. There was no signature by the Plant Forever and even, they do not know about the consent (Keyes 2017). Therefore, it is obvious that there is no contract made between them and no legal relationship has been made within them. Plant Forever is not binding by any obligation regarding the same. Therefore, it can be stated that there is no contractual position has been made in between any of the parties and therefore, none of the parties are liable for any conduct of them The case is based on the provision of Australian Contract Act and Electronic Transaction Act 1999. Basic fact of the case is deal with offer (Swain 2014). In Australia, the contract law is attracted the provision of the English law and there is a tendency to follow the common law there. As per the provision of the Australian Contract Act, offer is a kind of communication. It is a promise as against a certain person for a certain job so that the job is to be done by others. Offer can be at any stage and to any person. As per the provision of the Australian Common law, offer is different from the invitation to deal (Alexander and Merkert 2017). The present case is an approach of auction in nature. According to the provision of Australia, auction is an offer if it is included a bid. In the present case, it has been observed that the Footloose, a shoe manufacturer posted a notice for the sale of shoes with certain rebates and specified the amount clearly. Therefore, it can be stated that the notice published by the company is an offer in nature that was posted on 1st October. Second provision of the case is based on the acceptance. According to the Australian Contract Act, if an acceptance is made as against an offer, it can be made by way of three positions (Westmore 2015). It can be oral or written or the accepting party may give the hints by way of his conduct. There is no particular form of the acceptance. It was held in the case of Crown v. Clarke, the court of United Kingdom has stated that if the consenting party accept the offer without any coercion or undue influence, the consent can be treated as acceptance to the offer. In the present case, it is seen that the Footloose Co. Posted one notice in a daily news paper regarding the sale of a specified shoes in a certain amount on 1st October. On the next day, 2nd October, one Famous Footwear, accept the offer made by Footloose and fax the same to the Sales Manager of the said company (Goodall 2015). After two days of such acceptance made by the Famous Footwear, another selling company, James shoes accepted the offer of the Footloose Co. and fax to the Sales manager of the company by stating their willingness regarding the offer made by the respected company on 4th October. It is stated under the law that if an offer is made to the public in general, anyone can accept the same by way of the provision stated under the law. Therefore, there are certain legality regarding the acceptance of the same offer by both the parties (Ready 2015). It is to be noted that both the companies have expressed their consent over the offer made by Footloose. However, the Sales Manager of the said company had answered back to James shoes and therefore, the contract between Footloose and James shoes have been taken place on 6th October. It has to be mentioned that the acceptor of the James shoes provided certain offers to the Footloose Co. regarding the sale of the shoes and the Sales Manager of the Footloose accepted all the offers made by him (McKendrick 2014). Therefore, it can be stated that the contract regarding the shoes are made in between the Footloose Pty Ltd. and James Shoes. The essential criteria for contract are to have certain consideration regarding the offer material. In the present case, there is certain consideration present regarding the subject matter. When the Sales Manager of the Footloose has accepted the proposal made by James shoes, he accepted the terms by way of a letter. Written version can be treated as a valid acceptance. On 8th October, James replied to the proposal and decided a date for the final agreement. The essential of an agreement is meeting of minds under the law. Here, meeting of minds take place when the offer of both the parties is accepted. On 10th October, the final proposition in between the Footloose and James shoes is made and a date was finalised for the agreement regarding the same (Lam and Lee 2014). The base of the case is evolved with the provision of the Electronic Transaction Act 1999 and the term electronic contract is the main theme of this case. Dilemma arose as there is no specific provision regarding the electronic contract. There is a precise provision of timing is needed here. In the present case, there is a specific provision is mentioned. 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